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Building Search Skills

Advanced Techniques for Searching

Most of the Library's databases have advanced search features that allow a user to create more targeted searches. These features do not always lead to better results, and certainly many of them greatly reduce the number of results. Below are a few of the more standard features available across databases. Keep in mind that many of these features will look different from database to database.

Common Advanced Search Options

  • Drop down menu options, also called field code searches, include options to search for key terms only within certain areas of a record. For example:
    • Title
    • Abstract
    • Author
    • Publication tittle
    • etc.
  • Proximity searching allows a user to find key terms within a set number of words from each other.
  • Controlled vocabulary, also called subject headings, used for organization and retrieval of information.

Using advanced search options

In the following examples you will see videos and documented directions for using these various techniques. As you begin to use these techniques in your own search, remember you can meet with a Lavery Librarian for additional guidance. Use the Meet with a Librarian link below to find a time to meet, either in-person or over Zoom.

Example #1 - Drop down menu, field codes

The following example search uses the drop down menu options available from most databases. The drop down menu uses field codes from the record to search more narrowly than a keyword search. Keyword searches will often search an entire document and therefore retrieve false, or less useful, results.

ProQuest Central

Using the drop down menu available from the advanced search screen in ProQuest Central, see how the search results change between the following two search results sets.

Search example without drop down

Sticking with the example topic about college students use of social media for change, the image below shows the following search statement entered, without using the drop down menu to filter: ("college students" OR "young adults" OR students) AND ("social media" OR TikTok OR Instagram) AND ("social change" OR protest OR "social reform")

ProQuest Central advanced search without drop down menu codes

Search example with drop down

The search image below shows the same search, however Abstract has been selected from the drop down menu. Thus only allowing the database to search the abstract of resources for the key terms entered.

ProQuest Central advanced search with Abstract drop down

Example #2 - Proximity searching

Proximity search is a great option when phrase searching is too narrow. It allows you to construct a search that looks within a predefined number of words for another. For example, the earlier topic about mentorship and African American women might benefit from proximity searching if the results aren't closely bringing back results related to the mentorship of African American women. Keep in mind that each database creates proximity searches differently, you should use the Help menu to build this style of search or connect with a librarian.

Business Source Premier

Use help menu, on the top right of all EBSCOhost databases, for more information about proximity searching. For this example, the focus will be on connecting "African American women" and mentoring using the proximity operators. To construct this search, use the following operator: N followed by the number of words separating the concepts. Using this information, the search statement would be: "African American women" N5 mentor*, and all the search words and operators are placed in the same box.

proximity search example with African American women N5 mentor

Example #3 - Controlled vocabulary

Watch this video tutorial to learn about searching APA PsycNET with Index Terms. Index Terms are also known as controlled vocabulary or subject headings, and are found in the APA Thesaurus.