| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Author(s) | Usually a PhD, an author affiliated with a college or university |
| Citations | Many citations listed at the end |
| Language | Technical, academic, and assumes a scholarly background |
| Visuals | Figures, graphs, tables, and charts that support the research (no ads) |
| Purpose | Advance knowledge, inform, and educate |
| Audience | Scholars and researchers |